Ulcerative stomatitis is caused by streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and large intestine bacilli. It often occurs when the body's resistance is weakened due to systemic infection, and poor oral hygiene facilitates bacterial growth.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

It can occur in any part of the oral cavity, commonly on the tongue, inside the lips, and the buccal mucosa. Initially, the oral mucosa becomes congested and edematous, followed by the appearance of erosions or ulcers of varying sizes with clear boundaries. These may merge into large areas, with regular ulcer edges and thick fibrinous exudates forming a white membrane. Upon removal, a hemorrhagic erosion is visible, and the white membrane quickly reforms. Smears or cultures of the membrane can reveal pathogenic bacteria. The ulcers are painful, accompanied by drooling, refusal to feed, and local lymphadenopathy, often with high fever. The total white blood cell count is elevated. The fever persists for several days to a week, and the ulcers gradually heal.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Rinse the mouth with 3% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% to 0.3% Rivanol solution twice daily, and apply 1% Chinese Gentian Violet, 2.5% chlortetracycline cod-liver oil, Borneol and Borax Powder, or Xi Lei San locally. Antibiotics are needed to control the infection. Ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, and supplement with vitamin B₁, B₂, and C. Blood or plasma transfusion may be necessary if required.