The text is from Suwen-Zhizhenyao Da Lun. Previous scholars categorized certain similar symptoms of diseases into a specific disease cause or a certain lung scope, serving as the basis for pattern identification to determine disease cause, listed as nineteen items, among which thirteen belong to six excesses and six belong to five zang-organs. Mastering these mechanisms of disease plays a role in simplifying complex symptoms, but it is only a rough classification. Clinical diagnosis must be connected with specific conditions and comprehensively analyzed to be practical. The nineteen items of pathogenesis are:

1. All wind with vertigo and shaking is ascribed to the liver. This means that general internal wind diseases, presenting symptoms such as dizziness and limb shaking, are often related to liver disorders.
2. All cold with contraction is ascribed to the kidney. This means that general internal coldness, presenting symptoms such as muscle spasms and joint stiffness (accompanied by pale complexion, cold limbs, clear urine, etc.), are often related to kidney disorders.
3. All qi rushing and oppression is ascribed to the lung. This means that general symptoms of respiratory distress and chest tightness due to disturbance of qi movement in the upper burner are often related to lung disorders.
4. All dampness syndromes with swelling and fullness are ascribed to the spleen. This means that general symptoms of edema and distension due to water retention are often related to spleen disorders.
5. All heat with unconsciousness and spasm are ascribed to fire. This means that general symptoms of unconsciousness and spasm due to heat disease are often related to fire pattern.
6. All painful and itching sores are ascribed to the heart. This means that general skin sores and ulcers, presenting symptoms of burning pain and cutaneous pruritus, are often related to excessive heart fire and heat in the blood aspect.
7. All cold extremities, constipation, and diarrhea are ascribed to the lower burner. This means that general symptoms of cold extremities, constipation, and diarrhea are often related to lower burner disorders.
8. All atrophy, dyspnea, and vomiting are ascribed to the upper part. This means that general symptoms of atrophy, panting, and vomiting are often related to upper lung and stomach disorders.
9. All lockjaw, shivering, and mental confusion are ascribed to fire. This means that general symptoms of lockjaw, shivering, and mental confusion due to heat disease are often related to fire pattern.
10. All spasms and neck rigidity are ascribed to dampness. This means that general symptoms of body stiffness or neck rigidity with restricted movement are often related to dampness pattern (dampness turbidity affecting the tendons and muscles).
11. All abdominal distension and fullness are ascribed to heat. This means that general symptoms of hard abdominal distension and fullness (accompanied by constipation, scanty urine, irritability, bitter taste, etc.) are often related to heat pattern.
12. All disorders with upward perversion are ascribed to fire. This means that general symptoms of qi counterflow rushing upward, such as loud hiccups and projectile vomiting, are often related to fire pattern.
13. All states of agitation and mania are ascribed to fire. This means that general symptoms of dysphoria and mania with abnormal behavior are often related to fire pattern.
14. All sudden muscular spasm and rigidity are ascribed to wind. This means that general sudden symptoms of muscle rigidity and spasm are often related to wind pattern.
15. All abdominal distension like a drum with borborygmi are ascribed to heat. This means that general symptoms of abdominal distension and fullness with borborygmus and a drum-like sound upon percussion are often related to heat.
16. All foot swelling, pain, and fright are ascribed to fire. This means that general symptoms of foot swelling with pain and fright are often related to fire pattern.
17. All convulsions, opisthotonos, and turbid urine are ascribed to heat. This means that general symptoms of convulsions, opisthotonos, and turbid urine are often related to heat pattern.
18. All thin, clear, and watery discharge are ascribed to cold. This means that general symptoms of thin, clear, and cold bodily discharge are often related to cold pattern.
19. All acid eructation and spouting diarrhea with urgency for evacuation are ascribed to heat. This means that general symptoms of vomiting with a sour and foul smell or urgent projectile diarrhea with tenesmus are often related to heat pattern.